Thứ Tư, 26 tháng 11, 2014

Việt Nam Airlines đã được hưởng trung bình tăng 37%


Việt Nam Airlines đã được hưởng trung bình tăng 37% về lượt khách bay mỗi năm cho đến năm 1997, khi khủng hoảng tài chính châu Á và các nguyên nhân khác góp phần dẫn đến việc mất lợi nhuận cho các hãng hàng không. Tuy nhiên, hãng này vẫn có lợi nhuận trong suốt cuộc khủng hoảng. Trong năm 1996, hãng hàng không thực 2,5 triệu lượt khách, tăng 18% so với năm 1995. Các hãng hàng không chở hơn 4 triệu hành khách trong năm 2002, tăng gần 18% so với năm trước. Lưu thông hàng hóa của nó cũng tăng lên 20 % trong cùng thời kỳ, kết quả là lợi nhuận năm 2002 của Hoa Kỳ $ 35.770.000.

Mặc dù hội chứng hô hấp cấp tính nặng (SARS) bùng phát, các hãng hàng không gửi một Mỹ $ 26.200.000 lợi nhuận cho năm 2003. Trong năm 2006, nó mang 6,8 triệu hành khách (3,7 triệu khách quốc tế) và kiếm được doanh thu gần 1,37 tỷ USD (11 tháng đầu tiên). Việt Nam Airlines vận chuyển hơn 9 triệu lượt khách, trong đó 4 triệu là du khách quốc tế trong năm 2007, năm mà thấy các hãng hàng không thu lợi nhuận gộp là 23 triệu USD từ doanh thu của Mỹ $ 1230000000. Nó cũng vận chuyển 115.100 tấn hàng hóa. Trong năm 2009, các hãng hàng không của doanh thu là 1,3 tỷ USD, so với Mỹ 1560000000 $ nó kiếm được năm trước. Trong thời gian này, Việt Nam Airlines vận chuyển 9,3 triệu hành khách. Theo Anna.aero , sức chứa hành khách Việt Nam Airlines trong năm 2010 tăng 30% so với cùng kỳ năm trước. Điều này cũng trùng hợp với sự gia tăng công suất tại các sân bay Việt, ở mức 21%. Trong năm 2012, tổng doanh thu của công ty đạt 2,4 tỷ USD, với lợi nhuận tổng cộng US $ 3.300.000. Một năm sau, hãng gửi vào Mỹ $ 25.000.000 lợi nhuận gộp.

Việt Nam Airlines tổ chức khoảng 40% thị phần của hành khách quốc tế bay đến và đi từ Việt Nam vào tháng Hai năm 2012. Vào thời điểm đó, Việt Nam Airlines kiểm soát 77% thị phần của thị trường hàng không nội địa, với 14% được bao phủ bởi Jetstar Pacific . Tính đến tháng 12 năm 2012, Việt Nam Airlines được kiểm soát dưới 70% thị phần trong nước.


Vé máy bay đi New Delhi


Công ty TNHH Hãng hàng không Việt Nam là một công ty trách nhiệm hữu hạn

Công ty TNHH Hãng hàng không Việt Nam là một công ty trách nhiệm hữu hạn hoàn toàn thuộc sở hữu của chính phủ Việt Nam, đã được tái cấu trúc từ công ty Hàng không Việt Nam trong tháng 6 năm 2010. : 5 Vai trò của nó là cung cấp lợi ích kinh tế cho đất nước, là nhiệm vụ của mình, ngoài việc vận chuyển hàng hóa hành khách theo lịch trình và, bao gồm "trách nhiệm đối với lao động, đóng góp cho ngân sách nhà nước, và cung cấp các chuyến bay điều lệ", theo cựu CEO Đào Mạnh Nhung. Các hãng hàng không được lãnh đạo và giám sát bởi một đội ngũ quản lý bảy chỗ ngồi, các thành viên trong số đó được lựa chọn bởi các Thủ tướng của Việt Nam .Tính đến tháng 6 năm 2014 , Phạm Việt Thanh là chủ tịch của công ty, trong khi Phạm Ngọc Minh là Chủ tịch và Giám đốc điều hành, tính đến tháng 3 năm 2014 . Tính đến tháng ba năm 2014 , các hãng hàng không chi nhánh của công ty có 10.929 nhân viên.Các hãng hàng không có trụ sở tại quận Long Biên Hà Nội; trước nó được đặt trụ sở tại Sân bay Gia Lâm ở Gia Lâm , Hà Nội.

Trong năm 2009, hãng hàng không, Airbus và Học viện Hàng không ESMA tạo Công ty Đào tạo Bay Việt bay để huấn luyện phi công ở trong nước, với mong muốn là lên đến 100 học viên đã tốt nghiệp hàng năm. Trong tháng 10 năm 2010, công ty có kế hoạch để đào tạo phi công 60 ở Việt Nam trong thời gian 2011-2012. Trong năm 2010, Việt Nam Airlines cần 636 phi công, 60% trong số họ là người Việt Nam. Nó lên kế hoạch tăng con số đó lên 75% vào năm 2015, có nghĩa là sẽ có ít nhất 100 nhân viên mới mỗi năm từ năm 2010 đến năm 2015. Việt Nam Airlines cũng có hợp đồng CAE toàn cầu Academy Phoenix ở Arizona , Hoa Kỳ, để đào tạo các sinh viên sĩ quan của mình .


 vé máy bay đi Hong Kong 

Vì nó được dự kiến sẽ được vận hành 170


Vì nó được dự kiến sẽ được vận hành 170 máy bay trong năm 2020, Việt Nam Airlines đang hướng tới việc trở thành nhà cung cấp lớn thứ hai đầy đủ dịch vụ trong khu vực Đông Nam Á. Các hãng hàng không quan tâm đến việc tung ra dịch vụ cho Hoa Kỳ, nơi có hơn 1,2 triệu cư trú Việt .  Những kế hoạch này đã được khẳng định trong tháng 12 năm 2003, nhưng kể từ đó đã bị hoãn lại vì Việt Nam chưa phải là một phần của Cục Quản lý Hàng không Liên bang của Chương trình đánh giá an toàn hàng không quốc tế . Việt Nam Airlines cũng coi là "mở đường bay mới TP Hồ Chí Minh / Hà Nội, Việt Nam-London; thành phố Hồ Chí Minh / Hà Nội-Thượng Hải / Bắc Kinh, Trung Quốc; Ho Chi Minh City- Mumbai ; Ho Chi Minh City- Brisbane và Hồ Chí Minh City- Doha ", theo CEO Phạm Ngọc Minh trong năm 2008.


Một Việt Nam Airlines A330-200 của Airbus tại Tokyo sân bay Narita vào năm 2013.
Trong khi các hãng hàng không đã đưa ra các chuyến bay đến London Gatwick- ,  Bắc Kinh  và Thượng Hải, hiện tại chưa có các chuyến bay đến Mumbai, Doha và Brisbane. Hãng cũng có kế hoạch mở lại các chuyến bay đến Berlin, và bắt đầu các chuyến bay đến Adelaide , Perth , Amsterdam , Milan , Prague , Mandalay , Đại Đến năm 2020, Việt Nam Airlines có kế hoạch tăng doanh thu hàng năm lên 7 tỷ USD - tăng từ $ 1860000000 trong năm 2010 - bằng cách thực hiện 620.000 tấn hàng hóa và 35 triệu lượt hành khách, sử dụng một đội máy bay 163 (sau đó sửa đổi 41 triệu hành khách sử dụng 170 máy bay).  Nó nhằm mục đích nắm bắt thị phần của thị trường hàng không của Việt Nam là 45%. Trong suốt 15 năm hoạt động đầu tiên, 1996-2010, Việt Nam Airlines vận chuyển tổng cộng 82 triệu hành khách trên các chuyến bay 678.550. Ngoài ra, Việt Nam Airlines có kế hoạch chuyển hầu hết các hoạt động quốc tế của mình từ trung tâm hiện tại của mình, Tân Sơn Nhất Sân bay quốc tế , để các đề xuất Sân bay quốc tế Long Thành . Với chi phí khoảng 6 tỷ USD,các sân bay sẽ, theo nhà chức trách Việt Nam, giúp Việt Nam Airlines tăng cường các hoạt động của quốc tế khi nó tìm cách để vượt qua Thái Lan như là cửa ngõ chi phối đến các khu vực Greater Mekong .
 một nỗ lực trước đó đã bị đình trệ do khủng hoảng tài chính 2007-2010 . Dự kiến giữa năm 2014 sau nhiều lần trì hoãn, IPO và sau cổ phần dịch vụ sẽ cung cấp vốn để mở rộng đội bay và mạng Việt Nam Airlines.  Với các công ty trị giá 1,5 tỷ USD, các Chính phủ có kế hoạch ban đầu giữ 75% cổ phần.  Các kế hoạch IPO đã được trình lên Bộ Giao thông vận tải Việt trong tháng 6 năm 2014 Dự kiến bắt đầu vào ngày 14 tháng 11 năm 2014 các IPO đã nhận được hai bản đệ trình của các công ty nước ngoài, nhưng tên của họ không được tiết lộ.

Tổng công ty sẽ được cơ cấu lại vào năm 2015 để mang lại cho nó phù hợp với các doanh nghiệp nhà nước và chuyển đổi trọng tâm từ các doanh nghiệp không cốt lõi. Sau tái cơ cấu, các nhóm hàng không sẽ bao gồm Việt Nam Airlines chính nó, cũng như ba nhà cung cấp; Tổng cộng, các công ty sẽ bao gồm 26 công ty kiểm toán độc lập.

 vé máy bay đi Hong Kong 


Một Việt Nam Airlines Boeing 767-300ER



Một Việt Nam Airlines Boeing 767-300ER vào ngắn cuối cùng để sân bay quốc tế Kuala Lumpur vào năm 2003. Máy bay được mặc một trong những cựu liveries .
Theo một số báo cáo báo trong năm 2007, chính phủ Việt Nam có kế hoạch tư nhân hóa một phần Việt Nam Airlines. Trong kế hoạch này, các chính phủ xem xét bán 20-30% cổ phần của hãng hàng không cho người ngoài, với các chính phủ giữ cân bằng. Đây là một phần nhỏ của một đề nghị lớn hơn của chính phủ tư nhân hóa các công ty nhà nước của mình, sẽ được hoàn thành vào năm 2010. Việt Nam có thẩm quyền kế hoạch năm sau; Tuy nhiên, kế hoạch này đã không được thực hiện như các hãng hàng không bỏ lỡ thời hạn của nó dự kiến của Chính phủ, được bố trí trong năm 2010, do khủng hoảng tài chính toàn cầu .
Ngày 01 Tháng 10 năm 2007, các hãng hàng không và VALC đã ký một biên bản ghi nhớ để mua mười máy bay Airbus A350 XWBs , và 20 chiếc A321 của Airbus thêm. Các Airbus A350s sẽ bổ sung 787s Boeing đã theo lệnh của các hãng hàng không. Lệnh này sẽ cho kết quả duy nhất tại Việt Nam Airlines trở thành một trong những nhà khai thác lớn nhất của Airbus tại châu Á. Hai công ty này cũng đã ra lệnh năm thêm ATR 72-500s trong tháng 12 năm 2007
Việt Nam được chọn là chủ nhà của cuộc thi lần thứ 60 của Hoa hậu Thế giới trong năm 2008. Như các quốc gia hàng không quốc gia , Việt Nam Airlines đã được chọn làm bảo trợ hãng hàng không cho các cuộc thi sắc đẹp . Do đó, nó đã được giao nhiệm vụ cho công việc quản lý tất cả các vấn đề giao thông cho cuộc thi, sẽ được thực hiện trong tháng Chín và tháng Mười, chỉ cần trước khi bắt đầu cuộc thi. Tuy nhiên, nó đã được sau đó quyết định để thực hiện các sự kiện ở Sanya , Trung Quốc , suy đoán của Việt Nam thu hồi sau. Vào tháng Tám năm 2008 Việt Nam Airlines thêm Nagoya , các hãng hàng không 's điểm thứ tư phục vụ ở Nhật Bản ngoài Fukuoka , Osaka và Tokyo , với mạng lưới tuyến.
Trong năm 2009, Việt Nam Airlines và Chính phủ Campuchia thành lập một liên doanh, có 49% và 51% trữ hàng, tương ứng, với mục tiêu thúc đẩy du lịch tại Campuchia . Các liên doanh là một hãng hàng không quốc gia Campuchia mới có tên là Cambodia Angkor Air , mà bắt đầu bay vào tháng cùng năm,  sử dụng máy bay ATR-72 , thiết bị; . một A321 Airbus gia nhập hạm đội vào tháng Cũng trong năm 2009, hãng đã ký đối phó với một máy bay Airbus A321 16 cộng với hai Airbus A350s, trong Paris Air Show .Ngoài ra, Việt Nam Airlines tung ra một trang web song ngữ mới vào tháng Mười để đơn giản hóa việc đặt [75] và đã thông qua một hệ thống phục vụ hành khách mới được thiết kế bởi cung cấp dịch vụ IT Sabre Airline Solutions .
Một Chiếc A321-200 Việt Nam Airlines Airbus tại Sân bay Changi Singapore trong năm 2010.
Ngày 26 tháng Tám 2010, hãng đã hợp tác với Boeing trong sự ra mắt của chương trình hiện đại nội thất của nó để tăng sự thoải mái cho hành khách. [77] Từ cuối tháng Chín đến đầu tháng Mười, Việt Nam Airlines giảm giá lên đến 85% của 90.000 vé của mình để chào mừng Thăng Long- Hà Nội kỷ niệm 1000 năm Thăng Long. Trong tháng mười một năm 2010, hãng hàng không trao Honeywell một US $ 100 triệu đồng để trang bị thêm hệ thống bay chiếc máy bay A321 của Airbus, được tính toán để tiết kiệm Việt Nam Airlines US $ 10.000 cho mỗi chiếc máy bay mỗi năm.
Vào tháng Hai năm 2012 Việt Nam Airlines tăng cổ phần của mình trong các hãng giá rẻ Jetstar Pacific Airlines đến 70%, với Qantas giữ cân bằng. Các hãng hàng không quốc Việt là cổ đông lớn trong hãng hàng không lớn thứ hai của Việt Nam, nhưng tỷ lệ sở hữu đã được chuyển giao cho Bộ Tài chính, và sau đó đến Công ty Cổ phần Đầu tư vốn Nhà nước Việt (SCIC).  tiếp quản của người vận chuyển cổ phần của SCIC tại Jetstar Pacific sẽ tận dụng các hãng giá rẻ với US $ 27 triệu, một số tiền mà sẽ được hướng tới đổi mới đội tàu.  Vào cuối tháng Tư năm 2012 bên cho thuê máy bay ALC thông báo vị trí của một đặt hàng tám Boeing 787-9s, mà sẽ được cho thuê để Việt Nam Airlines; giao hàng được dự kiến sẽ bắt đầu vào năm 2017.  Vào cuối tháng 5 năm 2012 hãng đã ký một thỏa thuận với Ngân hàng Exim của Việt Nam đối với một khoản vay trị giá 100 triệu USD, trong đó hãng sẽ sử dụng để tài trợ cho việc mua lại của bốn máy bay Airbus A321; một thêm 100 triệu USD đã vay trong tháng Tư năm 2013 để tài trợ cho việc mua tám máy bay Boeing 787s. Trong một thỏa thuận trị giá 1,7 tỷ USD, Việt Nam Airlines đã ký hợp đồng với General Electric trong tháng 10 năm 2013 40 động cơ để cấp năng lượng cho máy bay Boeing 787 hãng đã đặt hàng.
 

 vé máy bay đi Hong Kong 

Trong tháng 9 năm 1996 Việt Nam Airlines bắt đầu cung cấp


Trong tháng 9 năm 1996 Việt Nam Airlines bắt đầu cung cấp lớp kinh doanh dịch vụ và vào năm 1999, hãng tung ra chương trình thường xuyên-flyer , Golden Lotus Plus; Trong năm 1996, Việt Nam Airlines đã tìm kiếm chiếc máy bay mà sẽ thay thế các máy bay A320 ướt -leased từ Air France khi thỏa thuận này đã kết thúc. Ngoài việc mua máy bay A320 hơn nữa, các hãng hàng không được coi là 737 Boeing và McDonnell Douglas MD-90 . Vào tháng Hai năm 1996 GECAS giao đầu tiên trong ba Boeing 767-300ER cho các tàu sân bay, trên đồng thuê tầu trong năm năm. Trong tháng mười năm đó, hai máy bay Boeing 767-300ERs và một chiếc Boeing 767-200, cho thuê từ AWAS và Royal Brunei Airlines, tương ứng, đã trả lại cho bên cho thuê, nhưng vào đầu năm 1997 khác Boeing 767-300ER là theo từng giai đoạn trên một thuê một năm từ AWAS. Với sự tự do của mình để vận hành máy bay phương Tây được xây dựng, Việt Nam Airlines xem xét việc mua lại của đường dài máy bay để phục vụ tốt hơn khách Việt ở nước ngoài. Các máy bay Airbus A340 , Boeing 747 và McDonnell Douglas MD-11 là chủ đề của cuộc thảo luận. Trong khi đó, hai năm 70 Fokker được mua lại vào tháng Năm và tháng Bảy để thay thế mười hai Tupolev Tu-134s.  : 31 On ngày 03 tháng 9 1997, sự sụp đổ của một chiếc Tupolev Tu-134B, về phương pháp tiếp cận đến Phnom Penh Sân bay Pochentong trong thời tiết xấu, kết quả là hơn 60 trường hợp tử vong.
Một Việt Nam Airlines Fokker 70 tại Sân bay Pochentong năm 2004.
A mới màu sơn đã được giới thiệu vào đầu năm 1998, ban đầu công bố trên một chiếc Boeing 767.  Trong tháng 12 năm 2001 Việt Nam Airlines đã ký một thỏa thuận lịch sử với Boeing cho việc mua lại của máy bay Mỹ từng được xây dựng đầu tiên, báo hiệu sự bắt đầu thương mại theo Hiệp định Thương mại song phương giữa hai nước.  Các thỏa thuận liên quan đến bốn Boeing 777-200ERs . Các giao dịch có giá trị khoảng US $ 680,000,000; máy bay đầu tiên ban đầu được dự kiến giao trong năm 2003. Những chiếc máy bay bốn, cùng với sáu người khác cùng loại được thuê từ thuê Tổng công ty Tài chính Quốc tế (ILFC), là flagships của hãng hàng không, và phục vụ trên phương tiện và . tuyến đường dài, tương ứng  [ cần update ] Trong năm đó, hãng hàng không thực hiện 3,4 triệu hành khách, 1,9 triệu người trong số đó là trên các chuyến bay nội địa; các chuyến bay đến Bắc Kinh tiếp tục và các dịch vụ đến Côn Minh đã được đưa ra. Trong năm 2002, Việt Nam Airlines coi là một đề nghị hợp đồng thuê từ Airbus cho hai Airbus A340-300s . Ngày 04 Tháng Chín năm 2003, một buổi lễ kỷ niệm mốc biên lai của hãng hàng không Boeing 777-200ER của nó đầu tiên mua ngay từ Boeing.  Ngày 28 tháng 10, hãng đã quyết định chuyển hoạt động tại Moscow từ Sân bay quốc tế Sheremetyevo đến sân bay quốc tế Domodedovo .

Trong tháng sáu 2005 Việt Nam Airlines đặt hàng bốn Boeing 787-8s . Mười hai 787-8s bổ sung đã được đặt hàng vào cuối năm 2007, một số trong số họ để được mua trực tiếp từ các công ty, và phần còn lại được mua bởi công ty con của hãng Công ty cho thuê máy bay Việt Nam (VALC).  Những chiếc máy bay mới đã cho phép Việt Nam Airlines mở rộng mạng lưới của mình và thay thế một số máy bay cho thuê. Về sự chậm trễ từ Boeing, CEO Phạm Ngọc Minh ghi nhận trong tháng 9 năm 2009 "Chúng tôi không hài lòng về sự chậm trễ không đổi. Nó ảnh hưởng đến kế hoạch kinh doanh của chúng tôi. Chúng tôi dự kiến sẽ có được máy bay của chúng tôi trong năm 2009, sau đó năm 2010, và bây giờ không ai có thể khẳng định với chúng ta đó là chính xác ngày giao hàng. Tôi có thể kiên nhẫn nhưng nó mang lại cho chúng tôi rất nhiều nhức đầu. "Năm 2010 hãng hàng không chuyển Boeing 787 thứ tự của nó từ -8 đến -9 mô hình, trong đó nêu rằng 787-8s không đáp ứng tất cả các yêu cầu Boeing hứa ban đầu; nó được dự kiến hãng sẽ nhận máy bay đầu tiên của các loại trong năm 2015.
Ngày 20 Tháng 6 năm 2005, hãng tung ra dịch vụ trực tiếp đến Frankfurt sau khi ngưng dịch vụ đến Berlin. Nó đưa ra sau khi giai đoạn 2004-2005 khi du lịch giữa hai nước đã tăng 70%. Năm sau, Việt Nam Airlines đã được nhận vào IATA . Là một phần của di chuyển, Việt Nam Airlines đã để đáp ứng của Hiệp hội IOSA tiêu chuẩn an toàn.

Đại lý Vietnam Airlines


Doanh nghiệp mới: 1993-2006



Các hãng hàng không đã trở thành hãng hàng không quốc của Việt Nam vào năm 1993, sau khi đã hoàn thành một chương trình tái cơ cấu đã được bắt đầu trước đó bốn năm. Trong năm đó, các hãng hàng không tách từ Cục Hàng không dân dụng Việt Nam (CAAV) và trở thành một doanh nghiệp nhà nước . Các động thái này là tương tự như việc tổ chức lại Cục Hàng không dân dụng Trung Quốc thành nhiều các hãng hàng không trong khu vực vào năm 1987. Mặc dù thực tế rằng hãng đã đạt được một số độc lập từ Cục Hàng không VN, nó vẫn được biết đến như Cục Hàng không dân dụng Việt Nam trong giai đoạn 1993-1996.

Logo cũ Việt Nam Airlines. Trong tháng 10 năm 2002, hãng đã giới thiệu bản sắc sen vàng hiện trùng khớp với việc cung cấp các máy bay Boeing 777 vào năm 2003.
Trong tháng 2 năm 1994 Tổng thống Mỹ Bill Clinton dỡ bỏ lệnh cấm vận thương mại với Việt Nam Airlines cho phép các khả năng để có được máy bay phương Tây được xây dựng.: 26 Do đó, Việt Nam Airlines công bố vào tháng Tư cùng năm đó nó sẽ được loại bỏ dần các máy bay của Liên Xô không hiệu quả của nó. [18] Vào tháng năm 1995 các hạm đội gồm chín máy bay Airbus A320 (tất cả trong số họ thuê của Air France), 11 máy bay Antonov An-24 , bốn ATR72s , hai máy bay Boeing 707-300s , ba Ilyushin Il-18 , chín Tupolev Tu-134s và ba Yakovlev Yak-40 ; tại thời điểm này các mạng lưới tuyến bao gồm 14 điểm đến trong nước (bao gồm cả Ban Mê Thuột , Đà Nẵng , Điện Biên Phủ , Huế , Nha Trang , Phucoq và Pleiku ) và 16 điểm đến quốc tế (bao gồm Bangkok, Hong Kong, Kuala Lumpur và Singapore). : 80 Ngày 27 tháng 5 1995  các hãng hàng không, cùng với một số các doanh nghiệp hàng không liên quan khác, đã được kết hợp để thành lập Tổng công ty Hàng không Việt Nam.Hai 70 Fokker đã được mua vào giữa năm 1995 với 50 triệu USD;  họ đã nhắm vào một phần thay thế các máy bay Tu-134 đội tàu trên các tuyến đường trong nước cũng như ở phục vụ như vận chuyển VIP. Trong tháng mười hai năm 1995 các cuộc thảo luận với GECAS cho thuê của ba bổ sung, hai tay Boeing 767-300ERs đã theo cách; các Thí Continental Airlines máy bay sẽ hoạt động như một sự thay thế cho ướt thuê Boeing 767 máy bay (ba -300ERs và một -200ER thuê từ AWAS và Hoàng gia Brunei ) trong hạm đội.

Đại lý Vietnam Airlines


Việt Nam Airlines có nguồn gốc của nó trong tháng 1 năm 1956


Việt Nam Airlines có nguồn gốc của nó trong tháng 1 năm 1956  khi nó được thành lập bởi Bắc Việt phủ dưới cái tên "Hàng không dân dụng Việt Nam" sau khi quốc hữu hóa sân bay Gia Lâm . Nó đã được thiết lập sau khi chính phủ đã ký Nghị định số 666 / TTg. Các hãng hàng không đã được tạo ra như một phần của lực lượng không quân cho mục đích dân sự với sự hỗ trợ của cả Liên Xô và Trung Quốc ; Ban đầu, phi đội của mình gồm hai Lisunov Li-2s mà sau đó đã được thay thế bằng hai chiếc Ilyushin Il-14 và ba Aero Ae-45s .  Điều này là do một lệnh cấm vận mà cấm các hãng hàng không từ cho thuê  hoặc mua công nghệ của Mỹ hay thành phần.


Một Việt Nam Airlines Tupolev Tu-134 tại sân bay quốc tế Don Mueang vào năm 1992.
Phát triển và mở rộng của hãng hàng không bị cản trở nghiêm trọng do chiến tranh Việt Nam (1954-1975).  Sau chiến tranh, điểm đến quốc tế đầu tiên của nó là Bắc Kinh , tiếp theo Vientiane vào năm 1976.  Trong năm đó, hãng được biết đến như là Tổng cục Hàng không dân dụng tại Việt Nam, và bắt đầu hoạt động đầy đủ; nó tiến hành xung quanh 21.000 hành khách, một phần ba trong số đó là trên các chuyến bay quốc tế và 3.000 tấn (£ 6.600.000) của hàng hóa.Năm 1978, một điểm đến quan trọng của Việt Nam Airlines đã được thêm vào, với các chuyến bay được cung cấp tới Bangkok . Cuối những năm 1980 và đầu những năm 1990 chứng kiến sự mở rộng của các mạng lưới Hồng Kông , Kuala Lumpur , Manila và Singapore .

Năm 1990, công ty bắt đầu các cuộc thảo luận về việc đưa vào các máy bay phương Tây được xây dựng vào các hạm đội.  Cuối năm đó, tuy nhiên, hãng đã phải hủy bỏ việc mua lại hai Airbus A310s do họ sử dụng của Mỹ -manufactured động cơ. Tháng Bảy 1991 hãng đánh một thỏa thuận ướt thuê với bên cho thuê Hà Lan Transavia . Các máy bay tham gia là một máy bay Boeing 737-300 , mà đến Việt Nam Airlines ' màu sơn . Tuy nhiên, chiếc máy bay đã được trả lại sau khi Bộ Ngoại giao Mỹ gây sức ép bên cho thuê Hà Lan để loại bỏ máy bay từ Việt Nam. Sau đó, Việt Nam Airlines tổ chức một thỏa thuận tương tự nhưng phức tạp hơn với TEA Basle , người đã dành phần còn lại của năm 1991 đàm phán một thỏa thuận với chính quyền Mỹ. Cuối cùng, một giải pháp nói rằng "[các máy bay Boeing 737] phải được định vị bên ngoài Việt Nam, không có logo hoặc chữ của Việt Nam Airlines Trên các điều kiện, nó có thể hoạt động trên danh nghĩa của Việt Nam Airlines." Đạt được. : 26 Tháng 1991 Cathay Pacific và Việt Nam Airlines đã đồng ý về một liên doanh 50-50 hoạt động giữa Hồng Kông và Việt Nam, như của hãng Tupolev Tu-134 hạm đội đã không đáp ứng Kai Tak sân bay hạn chế của tiếng ồn.

Trong tháng 10 năm 1992 các máy bay Boeing 737 được bổ sung thêm một A310 của Airbus.  : 26 Tuy nhiên, một cuộc tranh cãi với Bulgaria Air Jes về việc ai sẽ trả tiền cho việc sửa chữa sau khi máy bay duy trì một trục trặc động cơ dẫn đến thay thế của nó với một A310 từ GATX , cũng hoạt động bởi Jes Air : 26-27 Một cuộc tranh luận tương tự với United Technologies khuyến khích các hãng hàng không để chuyển đổi từ Airbus cho Boeing. Do đó, một máy bay Boeing 767-200ER , thuê của Ansett Worldwide Dịch vụ Hàng không (AWAS), đến tháng 1 năm 1993, và một Royal Brunei Airlines Boeing 767-300ER , đến năm sau.Vào tháng Mười năm 1993, lần đầu tiên Airbus A320- 200 được thành lập trong một hai năm hợp đồng ướt thuê với Air France . Việt Nam Airlines bởi các cuộc thảo luận hiện nay đã bắt đầu với Air France về một quan hệ đối tác, và Pháp đã đồng ý cung cấp dịch vụ cho thuê Airbus của mình cho Việt Nam Airlines, và cũng để cung cấp hỗ trợ khách hàng và đào tạo thí điểm / phi hành đoàn.  Vào thời điểm đó mạng lưới tuyến đã tiếp tục mở rộng quốc tế, khi nhìn thấy sự kết hợp của các điểm đến như Paris , Tokyo , Seoul , Đài Bắc , Sydney và Melbourne . Năm 1993, hãng hàng không thực hiện 1,06 triệu hành khách, 418.000 người trong số đó là trên các chuyến bay quốc tế.

Việt Nam Airlines là hãng hàng không quốc của Việt Nam


Việt Nam Airlines là hãng hàng không quốc của Việt Nam .  Được thành lập vào năm 1956 dưới tên Hàng không dân dụng Việt Nam, các hãng hàng không được thành lập như một doanh nghiệp nhà nước trong tháng Tư năm 1989. Việt Nam Airlines là trụ sở tại quận Long Biên , Hà Nội , với các trung tâm tại Sân bay Quốc tế Nội Bài và sân bay quốc tế Tân Sơn Nhất . Các hãng hàng không bay đến 52 điểm đến tại 17 quốc gia, bao gồm các dịch vụ codeshared .

Từ khi thành lập cho đến đầu những năm 1990, Việt Nam Airlines là một hãng nhỏ trong ngành công nghiệp hàng không như nó đã bị cản trở bởi một loạt các yếu tố bao gồm cả tình hình chính trị kinh tế xã hội và đất nước. Với bình thường của chính phủ về các mối quan hệ với Hoa Kỳ , hãng đã có thể mở rộng, cải tiến sản phẩm và dịch vụ của mình, và hiện đại hóa hạm đội lão hóa của nó. Năm 1996, chính phủ Việt Nam đã quy tụ 20 công ty dịch vụ để lập Tổng Công ty Hàng không Việt Nam, với các hãng hàng không chính nó như là trung tâm. Trong năm 2010, công ty đã được cơ cấu lại thành một công ty trách nhiệm hữu hạn và đổi tên thành Công ty TNHH Việt Nam Airlines. Ban quản lý bảy chỗ ngồi, các thành viên trong số đó được bổ nhiệm của Thủ tướng Việt Nam , điều hành công ty.

Khi vận chuyển hành khách cấu hoạt động cốt lõi của mình, Việt Nam Airlines đóng một vai trò rất quan trọng trong sự phát triển kinh tế của đất nước. Nó sở hữu 100% của Công ty Dịch vụ hàng không Việt Nam - một hãng hàng không khu vực ở miền nam Việt Nam , 70% của các hãng giá rẻ Jetstar Pacific Airlines , và 49% của Campuchia hãng hàng không quốc gia Cambodia Angkor Air . Ngoài ra, các công ty kiếm được doanh thu từ các hãng hàng không phục vụ và bảo dưỡng và đại tu máy bay thông qua một số công ty con của nó, bao gồm cả Công ty Kỹ thuật Hàng không Việt Nam và Việt Nam Caterers Airlines. Công ty cũng đã đa dạng hóa đầu tư vào các máy bay cho thuê và các ngành công nghiệp phục vụ mặt đất sân bay , và đang tìm cách để chế tạo linh kiện máy bay . Nó kiểm soát và điều hành một bộ phận hàng hóa, Việt Nam Airlines Cargo.
Việt Nam Airlines đã trở thành một thành viên của SkyTeam vào tháng Sáu năm 2010, làm cho nó là người đầu tiên ở Đông Nam Á cung cấp dịch vụ đã tham gia mà liên minh . Nó được dự kiến ​​sẽ được cơ cấu lại và một phần tư nhân hóa vào năm 2015 để giúp sắp xếp hợp lý các dịch vụ của mình và cạnh tranh tốt hơn với các hãng hàng không khác. Điều này sẽ tạo thuận lợi cho kế hoạch phát triển dài hạn của mình có liên quan đến việc cải thiện các sản phẩm và dịch vụ của mình, và việc mở rộng đội tàu bay và mạng lưới của mình, như hãng mong muốn trở thành nhà cung cấp đầy đủ dịch vụ lớn thứ hai ở khu vực Đông Nam Á vào năm 2020.



Đại lý Vietnam Airlines


emotions that wanted to take the deal


emotions that wanted to take the deal. He understood that every person has a weak and needy part of their soul that can be bought, and he knew that every individual also had a part of their soul that was resilient and could never be bought. It was only a question of which one was stronger.

“Okay, five dollars an hour.”

Suddenly I was silent. Something had changed. The offer was too big and ridiculous. Not many grown-ups in 1956 made more than that, but quickly my temptation disappeared, and calm set in. Slowly, I turned to my left to look at Mike. He looked back at me. The part of my soul that was weak and needy was silenced. The part of me that

had no price took over. I knew Mike had gotten to that point too.

“Good,” rich dad said softly. “Most people have a price. And they have a price because of human emotions named fear and greed. First, the fear of being

without money motivates us to work hard, and then once we get that paycheck, greed or desire starts us thinking about all the wonderful things money can buy. The pattern is then set.”

“What pattern?” I asked.

“The pattern of get up, go to work, pay bills; get up, go to work, pay bills. People’s lives are forever controlled by two emotions: fear and greed. Offer them more money and they continue the cycle by increasing their spending. This is what I call the Rat Race.”

“There is another way?” Mike asked.

“Yes,” said rich dad slowly. “But only a few people find it.” “And what is that way?” Mike asked.

“That’s what I hope you boys will learn as you work and study with me. That is why I took away all forms of pay.”

“Any hints?” Mike asked. “We’re kind of tired of working hard, especially for nothing.”

“Well, the first step is telling the truth,” said rich dad. “We haven’t been lying,” I said.


and security. If you don’t, you’ll wind up lik



and security. If you don’t, you’ll wind up like Mrs. Martin and most of the people playing softball in this park. They work very hard for little money, clinging to the illusion of job security and looking forward to a three-week vacation each year and maybe a skimpy pension after forty-five years of service. If that excites you, I’ll give you a raise to 25 cents an hour.”

“But these are good hardworking people. Are you making fun of them?” I demanded.

A smile came over rich dad’s face.

“Mrs. Martin is like a mother to me. I would never be that cruel.

I may sound unkind because I’m doing my best to point something out to the two of you. I want to expand your point of view so you can see something most people never have the benefit of seeing because their vision is too narrow. Most people never see the trap they are in.”

Mike and I sat there, uncertain of his message. He sounded cruel, yet we could sense he was trying to drive home a point.

With a smile, rich dad said, “Doesn’t that 25 cents an hour sound good? Doesn’t it make your heart beat a little faster?”

I shook my head no, but it really did. Twenty-five cents an hour would be big bucks to me.

“Okay, I’ll pay you a dollar an hour,” rich dad said, with a sly grin. Now my heart started to race. My brain was screaming, “Take it.

Take it.” I could not believe what I was hearing. Still, I said nothing. “Okay, two dollars an hour.”

My little brain and heart nearly exploded. After all, it was 1956 and being paid $2 an hour would have made me the richest kid in the world. I couldn’t imagine earning that kind of money. I wanted to say yes. I wanted the deal. I could picture a new bicycle, new baseball glove, and the adoration of my friends when I flashed some cash.

On top of that, Jimmy and his rich friends could never call me poor again. But somehow my mouth stayed shut.

The ice cream had melted and was running down my hand. Rich dad was looking at two boys staring back at him, eyes wide open and brains empty. He was testing us, and he knew there was a part of our

I stood there, still not believing what a raw deal I



I stood there, still not believing what a raw deal I was handed. I came to ask for a raise, and somehow I was instead working for nothing.

Rich dad tapped me on the head again and said, “Use this. Now get out of here and get back to work.”

Lesson #1: The Rich Don’t Work for Money

I didn’t tell my poor dad I wasn’t being paid. He wouldn’t have understood, and I didn’t want to try to explain something I didn’t understand myself.

For three more weeks, Mike and I worked three hours every Saturday for nothing. The work didn’t bother me, and the routine got easier, but it was the missed baseball games and not being able to afford to buy a few comic books that got to me.

Rich dad stopped by at noon on the third week. We heard his truck pull up in the parking lot and sputter when the engine was turned off. He entered the store and greeted Mrs. Martin with a hug. After finding out how things were going in the store, he reached into the ice-cream freezer, pulled out two bars, paid for them, and signaled to Mike and me.

“Let’s go for a walk, boys.”

We crossed the street, dodging a few cars, and walked across a large grassy field where a few adults were playing softball. Sitting down at a lone picnic table, he handed Mike and me the treats.

“How’s it going, boys?” “Okay,” Mike said.

I nodded in agreement.

“Learn anything yet?” rich dad asked.

Mike and I looked at each other, shrugged our shoulders, and shook our heads in unison.

Avoiding One of Life’s Biggest Traps

“Well, you boys had better start thinking. You’re staring at one of life’s biggest lessons. If you learn it, you’ll enjoy a life of great freedom


“You heard me. Nothing.



“Look,” said rich dad, “taxes are just one small section on learning how to have money work for you. Today, I just wanted to find out if you still have the passion to learn about money. Most people don’t. They want to go to school, learn a profession, have fun at their work, and earn lots of money. One day they wake up with big money problems, and then they can’t stop working. That’s the price of only knowing how to work for money instead of studying how to have money work for you. So do you still have the passion to learn?” asked rich dad.

I nodded my head.

“Good,” said rich dad. “Now get back to work. This time, I will pay you nothing.”

“What?” I asked in amazement.

“You heard me. Nothing. You will work the same three hours every Saturday, but this time you will not be paid 10 cents per hour. You said you wanted to learn to not work for money, so I’m not going to pay you anything.”

I couldn’t believe what I was hearing.

“I’ve already had this conversation with Mike and he’s already working, dusting and stacking canned goods for free. You’d better hurry and get back there.”

“That’s not fair,” I shouted. “You’ve got to pay something!” “You said you wanted to learn. If you don’t learn this now, you’ll

grow up to be like the two women and the older man sitting in my living room, working for money and hoping I don’t fire them. Or like your dad, earning lots of money only to be in debt up to his eyeballs, hoping more money will solve the problem. If that’s what you want, I’ll go back to our original deal of 10 cents an hour. Or you can do what most adults do: Complain that there is not enough pay, quit, and go looking for another job.”

“But what do I do?” I asked.

Rich dad tapped me on the head. “Use this,” he said. “If you use it well, you will soon thank me for giving you an opportunity and you will grow into a rich man.”

“I felt like it wasn’t enough. It seemed like nothing. I was disappointed,” I said.


“I felt like it wasn’t enough. It seemed like nothing. I was disappointed,” I said.

“And that is how most employees feel when they look at their paychecks—especially after all the tax and other deductions are taken out. At least you got 100 percent.”

“You mean most workers don’t get paid everything?” I asked with amazement.

“Heavens no!” said rich dad. “The government always takes its share first.”

“How do they do that?” I asked.

“Taxes,” said rich dad. “You’re taxed when you earn. You’re taxed when you spend. You’re taxed when you save. You’re taxed when you die.”

“Why do people let the government do that to them?”

“The rich don’t,” said rich dad with a smile. “The poor and the middle class do. I’ll bet you that I earn more than your dad, yet he pays more in taxes.”

“How can that be?” I asked. At my age, that made no sense to me. “Why would someone let the government do that to them?”

Rich dad rocked slowly and silently in his chair, just looking at me. “Ready to learn?” he asked.

I nodded my head slowly.

“As I said, there is a lot to learn. Learning how to have money work for you is a lifetime study. Most people go to college for four years, and their education ends. I already know that my study of money will continue over my lifetime, simply because the more I find out, the more I find out I need to know. Most people never study the subject. They go to work, get their paycheck, balance their checkbooks, and that’s it. Then they wonder why they have money problems. They think that more money will solve the problem and don’t realize that it’s their lack of financial education that is the problem.”

“So my dad has tax problems because he doesn’t understand money?” I asked, confused.


“Absolutely,” rich dad answered. “Absolutely.”



“Wouldn’t everyone want to learn that?” I asked.

“No,” said rich dad, “simply because it’s easier to learn to work for money, especially if fear is your primary emotion when the subject of money is discussed.”

“I don’t understand,” I said with a frown.

“Don’t worry about that for now. Just know that it’s fear that keeps most people working at a job: the fear of not paying their bills, the fear of being fired, the fear of not having enough money, and the fear of starting over. That’s the price of studying to learn a profession or trade, and then working for money. Most people become a slave to money— and then get angry at their boss.”

“Learning to have money work for you is a completely different course of study?” I asked.

“Absolutely,” rich dad answered. “Absolutely.”

We sat in silence on that beautiful Hawaiian Saturday morning. My friends had just started their Little League baseball game, but for some reason I was now thankful I had decided to work for 10 cents an hour. I sensed that I was about to learn something my friends wouldn’t learn in school.

“Ready to learn?” asked rich dad. “Absolutely,” I said with a grin.

“I have kept my promise. I’ve been teaching you from afar,” my rich dad said. “At nine years old, you’ve gotten a taste of what it feels like to work for money. Just multiply your last month by fifty years and you will have an idea of what most people spend their life doing.”

“I don’t understand,” I said.

“How did you feel waiting in line to see me, once to get hired and once to ask for more money?”

“Terrible,” I said.

“If you choose to work for money, that is what life will be like,” said rich dad.

“And how did you feel when Mrs. Martin dropped three dimes in your hand for three hours of work?”

My highly educated dad recommended


My highly educated dad recommended that I do what he did. “Son, I want you to study hard, get good grades, so you can find a safe, secure job with a big company. And make sure it has excellent benefits.” My rich dad wanted me to learn how money works so I could make it work for me.

These lessons I would learn through life with his guidance, not because of a classroom.

My rich dad continued my first lesson, “I’m glad you got angry about working for 10 cents an hour. If you hadn’t got angry and had simply accepted it, I would have to tell you that I could not teach you. You see, true learning takes energy, passion, and a burning desire. Anger is a big part of that formula, for passion is anger and love combined. When it comes to money, most people want to play it safe and feel secure. So passion does not direct them. Fear does.”
“So is that why they’ll take jobs with low pay?” I asked.

“Yes,” said rich dad. “Some people say I exploit people because I don’t pay as much as the sugar plantation or the government. I say the people exploit themselves. It’s their fear, not mine.”

“But don’t you feel you should pay them more?” I asked.

“I don’t have to. And besides, more money will not solve their problems. Just look at your dad. He makes a lot of money, and he still can’t pay his bills. Most people, given more money, only get into more debt.”

“So that’s why the 10 cents an hour,” I said, smiling. “It’s a part of the lesson.”

“That’s right,” smiled rich dad. “You see, your dad went to school and got an excellent education, so he could get a high-paying job. But he still has money problems because he never learned anything about money in school. On top of that, he believes in working for money.”

“And you don’t?” I asked.

“No, not really,” said rich dad. “If you want to learn to work for money, then stay in school. That is a great place to learn to do that. But if you want to learn how to have money work for you, then I will teach you that. But only if you want to learn.”

“But you are.”



“But you are.”

“Well, keep that attitude and you’ll learn nothing. Keep the attitude that I’m the problem and what choices do you have?”

“Well, if you don’t pay me more or show me more respect and teach me, I’ll quit.”

“Well put,” rich dad said. “And that’s exactly what most people do. They quit and go looking for another job, a better opportunity, and higher pay, actually thinking that this will solve the problem. In most cases, it won’t.”

“So what should I do?” I asked. “Just take this measly 10 cents an hour and smile?”

Rich dad smiled. “That’s what the other people do. But that’s all they do, waiting for a raise thinking that more money will solve their problems. Most just accept it, and some take a second job working harder, but again accepting a small paycheck.”

I sat staring at the floor, beginning to understand the lesson rich dad was presenting. I could sense it was a taste of life. Finally, I looked up and asked, “So what will solve the problem?”

“This,” he said, leaning forward in his chair and tapping me gently on the head. “This stuff between your ears.”

It was at that moment that rich dad shared the pivotal point of view that separated him from his employees and my poor dad—and led him to eventually become one of the richest men in Hawaii, while my highly educated but poor dad struggled financially all his life.

It was a singular point of view that made all the difference over a lifetime.

Rich dad explained this point of view over and over, which I call lesson number one: The poor and the middle class work for money. The rich have money work for them.

On that bright Saturday morning, I learned a completely different point of view from what I had been taught by my poor dad. At the age of nine, I understood that both dads wanted me to learn. Both dads encouraged me to study, but not the same things.


Our eyes met again.



Our eyes met again.

“You’ve been pushing me around?” I asked.

“Some people might say that,” smiled rich dad. “I would say that I just gave you a taste of life.”

“What taste of life?” I asked, still angry, but now curious and ready to learn.

“You boys are the first people who have ever asked me to teach them how to make money. I have more than 150 employees, and not one of them has asked me what I know about money. They ask me for a job and a paycheck, but never to teach them about money. So most will spend the best years of their lives working for money, not really understanding what it is they are working for.”

I sat there listening intently.

“So when Mike told me you wanted to learn how to make money, I decided to design a course that mirrored real life. I could talk until I was blue in the face, but you wouldn’t hear a thing. So I decided to let life push you around a bit so you could hear me. That’s why I only paid you 10 cents.”

“So what is the lesson I learned from working for only 10 cents an hour?” I asked. “That you’re cheap and exploit your workers?”

Rich dad rocked back and laughed heartily. Finally he said, “You’d best change your point of view. Stop blaming me and thinking I’m the problem. If you think I’m the problem, then you have to change me. If you realize that you’re the problem, then you can change yourself, learn something, and grow wiser. Most people want everyone else in the world to change but themselves. Let me tell you, it’s easier to change yourself than everyone else.”

“I don’t understand,” I said.

“Don’t blame me for your problems,” rich dad said, growing impatient. “But you only pay me 10 cents.”

“So what are you learning?” rich dad asked, smiling. “That you’re cheap,” I said with a sly grin.
“See, you think I’m the problem,” said rich dad.

What is this man talking about



“What is this man talking about?” I asked myself silently. “Life pushing me around was life talking to me?” Now I knew I had to quit my job. I was talking to someone who needed to be locked up.

“If you learn life’s lessons, you will do well. If not, life will just continue to push you around. People do two things. Some just let life push them around. Others get angry and push back. But they push back against their boss, or their job, or their husband or wife. They do not know it’s life that’s pushing.”

I had no idea what he was talking about.

“Life pushes all of us around. Some people give up and others fight. A few learn the lesson and move on. They welcome life pushing them around. To these few people, it means they need and want to learn something. They learn and move on. Most quit, and a few like you fight.”

Rich dad stood and shut the creaky old wooden window that needed repair. “If you learn this lesson, you will grow into a wise, wealthy, and happy young man. If you don’t, you will spend your life blaming a job, low pay, or your boss for your problems. You’ll live life always hoping for that big break that will solve all your money problems.”

Rich dad looked over at me to see if I was still listening. His eyes met mine. We stared at each other, communicating through our eyes. Finally, I looked away once I had absorbed his message. I knew he was right. I was blaming him, and I did ask to learn. I was fighting.

Rich dad continued, “Or if you’re the kind of person who has no guts, you just give up every time life pushes you. If you’re that kind of person, you’ll live all your life playing it safe, doing the right things, saving yourself for some event that never happens. Then you die a boring old man. You’ll have lots of friends who really like you because you were such a nice hardworking guy. But the truth is that you let life push you into submission. Deep down you were terrified of taking risks. You really wanted to win, but the fear of losing was greater than the excitement of winning. Deep inside, you and only you will know you didn’t go for it. You chose to play it safe.”

“I am teaching you,” rich dad said quietly.



me anything. You are a crook like everyone in town thinks you are. You’re greedy. You want all the money and don’t take care of your employees. You made me wait and don’t show me any respect. I’m only a little boy, but I deserve to be treated better.”

Rich dad rocked back in his swivel chair, hands up to his chin, and stared at me.

“Not bad,” he said. “In less than a month, you sound like most of my employees.”

“What?” I asked. Not understanding what he was saying, I continued with my grievance. “I thought you were going to keep your end of the bargain and teach me. Instead you want to torture me? That’s cruel. That’s really cruel.”

“I am teaching you,” rich dad said quietly.

“What have you taught me? Nothing!” I said angrily. “You haven’t even talked to me once since I agreed to work for peanuts. Ten cents an hour. Hah! I should notify the government about you. We have child labor laws, you know. My dad works for the government, you know.”

“Wow!” said rich dad. “Now you sound just like most of the people who used to work for me—people I’ve either fired or who have quit.”

“So what do you have to say?” I demanded, feeling pretty brave for a little kid. “You lied to me. I’ve worked for you, and you have not kept your word. You haven’t taught me anything.”

“How do you know that I’ve not taught you anything?” asked rich dad calmly.

“Well, you’ve never talked to me. I’ve worked for three weeks and you have not taught me anything,” I said with a pout.

“Does teaching mean talking or a lecture?” rich dad asked. “Well, yes,” I replied.

“That’s how they teach you in school,” he said, smiling. “But that is not how life teaches you, and I would say that life is the best teacher of all. Most of the time, life does not talk to you. It just sort of pushes you around. Each push is life saying, ‘Wake up. There’s something I want you to learn.’”

Waiting in Line on Saturday



Waiting in Line on Saturday

I was ready to face Mike’s dad. Even my real dad was angry with him. My real dad, the one I call the poor one, thought that my rich dad was violating child labor laws and should be investigated.

My educated, poor dad told me to demand what I deserve—at least 25 cents an hour. My poor dad told me that if I did not get a raise, I was to quit immediately.

“You don’t need that damned job anyway,” said my poor dad with indignation.

At eight o’clock Saturday morning, I walked through the door of Mike’s house when Mike’s dad opened it.

“Take a seat and wait in line,” he said as I entered. He turned and disappeared into his little office next to a bedroom.

I looked around the room and didn’t see Mike anywhere. Feeling awkward, I cautiously sat down next to the same two women who were there four weeks earlier. They smiled and slid down the couch to make room for me.

Forty-five minutes went by, and I was steaming. The two women had met with him and left 30 minutes earlier. An older gentleman was in there for 20 minutes and was also gone.

The house was empty, and here I sat in a musty, dark living room on a beautiful sunny Hawaiian day, waiting to talk to a cheapskate who exploited children. I could hear him rustling around the office, talking on the phone, and ignoring me. I was ready to walk out, but for some reason I stayed.

Finally, 15 minutes later, at exactly nine o’clock, rich dad walked out of his office, said nothing, and signaled with his hand for me to enter.

“I understand you want a raise, or you’re going to quit,” rich dad said as he swiveled in his office chair.

“Well, you’re not keeping your end of the bargain,” I blurted out, nearly in tears. It was really frightening for me to confront a grown-up.

“You said that you would teach me if I worked for you. Well, I’ve worked for you. I’ve worked hard. I’ve given up my baseball games to work for you, but you haven’t kept your word, and you haven’t taught

Mike’s dad, whom I call my rich dad


Mike’s dad, whom I call my rich dad, owned nine of these little superettes, each with a large parking lot. They were the early version of the 7-Eleven convenience stores, little neighborhood grocery stores where people bought items such as milk, bread, butter, and cigarettes. The problem was that this was Hawaii before air-conditioning was widely used, and the stores could not close their doors because of the heat. On two sides of the store, the doors had to be wide open to the road and parking lot. Every time a car drove by or pulled into the parking lot, dust would swirl and settle in the store. We knew we had a job as long as there was no air-conditioning.

For three weeks, Mike and I reported to Mrs. Martin and worked our three hours. By noon, our work was over, and she dropped three little dimes in each of our hands. Now, even at the age of nine in the mid-1950s, 30 cents was not too exciting. Comic books cost 10 cents back then, so I usually spent my money on comic books and went home.

By Wednesday of the fourth week, I was ready to quit. I had agreed to work only because I wanted to learn to make money from Mike’s dad, and now I was a slave for 10 cents an hour. On top of that, I had not seen Mike’s dad since that first Saturday.

“I’m quitting,” I told Mike at lunchtime. School was boring, and now I did not even have my Saturdays to look forward to. But it was the 30 cents that really got to me.

This time Mike smiled.

“What are you laughing at?” I asked with anger and frustration. “Dad said this would happen. He said to meet with him when

you were ready to quit.”

“What?” I said indignantly. “He’s been waiting for me to get fed up?”

“Sort of,” Mike said. “Dad’s kind of different. He doesn’t teach like your dad. Your mom and dad lecture a lot. My dad is quiet and a man of few words. You just wait till this Saturday. I’ll tell him you’re ready.”

“You mean I’ve been set up?”

“No, not really, but maybe. Dad will explain on Saturday.”

Mike says you want to learn to make money


“Mike says you want to learn to make money? Is that correct, Robert?” I nodded my head quickly, but with a little trepidation. He had

a lot of power behind his words and smile.

“Okay, here’s my offer. I’ll teach you, but I won’t do it classroom-style. You work for me, I’ll teach you. You don’t work for me, I won’t teach you. I can teach you faster if you work, and I’m wasting my time if you just want to sit and listen like you do in school. That’s my offer. Take it or leave it.”

“Ah, may I ask a question first?” I asked.

“No. Take it or leave it. I’ve got too much work to do to waste my time. If you can’t make up your mind decisively, then you’ll never learn to make money anyway. Opportunities come and go. Being able to know when to make quick decisions is an important skill. You have the opportunity that you asked for. School is beginning, or it’s over in 10 seconds,” Mike’s dad said with a teasing smile.

“Take it,” I said. “Take it,” said Mike.

“Good,” said Mike’s dad. “Mrs. Martin will be by in 10 minutes. After I’m through with her, you’ll ride with her to my superette and you can begin working. I’ll pay you 10 cents an hour, and you’ll work three hours every Saturday.”

“But I have a softball game today,” I said.

Mike’s dad lowered his voice to a stern tone. “Take it, or leave it,” he said.

“I’ll take it,” I replied, choosing to work and learn instead of playing.

Thirty Cents Later

By 9:00 a.m. that day, Mike and I were working for Mrs. Martin. She was a kind and patient woman. She always said that Mike and I reminded her of her two grown sons. Although kind, she believed in hard work and kept us moving. We spent three hours taking canned goods off the shelves, brushing each can with a feather duster to get the dust off, and then re-stacking them neatly. It was excruciatingly boring work.

older than my mom. Across from the women sat a man in workman’s clothes


older than my mom. Across from the women sat a man in workman’s clothes. He wore khaki slacks and a khaki shirt, neatly pressed but without starch, and polished work boots. He was about 10 years older than my dad. They smiled as Mike and I walked past them toward the back porch. I smiled back shyly.

“Who are those people?” I asked.

“Oh, they work for my dad. The older man runs his warehouses, and the women are the managers of the restaurants. And as you arrived, you saw the construction supervisor who is working on a road project about 50 miles from here. His other supervisor, who is building a track of houses, left before you got here.”

“Does this go on all the time?” I asked.

“Not always, but quite often,” said Mike, smiling as he pulled up a chair to sit down next to me.

“I asked my dad if he would teach us to make money,” Mike said. “Oh, and what did he say to that?” I asked with cautious curiosity. “Well, he had a funny look on his face at first, and then he said he
would make us an offer.”

“Oh,” I said, rocking my chair back against the wall. I sat there perched on two rear legs of the chair.

Mike did the same thing.

“Do you know what the offer is?” I asked. “No, but we’ll soon find out.”

Suddenly, Mike’s dad burst through the rickety screen door and onto the porch. Mike and I jumped to our feet, not out of respect, but because we were startled.
“Ready, boys?” he asked as he pulled up a chair to sit down with us. We nodded our heads as we pulled our chairs away from the wall
to sit in front of him.

He was a big man, about six feet tall and 200 pounds. My dad was taller, about the same weight, and five years older than Mike’s dad. They sort of looked alike, though not of the same ethnic makeup. Maybe their energy was similar.


the sugar plantation


the sugar plantation. He’s not much different from me. He works for a company, and I work for the government. The company buys the car for him. The sugar company is in financial trouble, and Jimmy’s dad may soon have nothing. Your dad is different, Mike. He seems to be building an empire, and I suspect in a few years he will be a very rich man.”

With that, Mike and I got excited again. With new vigor, we began cleaning up the mess caused by our now-defunct first business. As we were cleaning, we made plans for how and when to talk to Mike’s dad. The problem was that Mike’s dad worked long hours and often did not come home until late. His father owned warehouses, a construction company, a chain of stores, and three restaurants. It was the restaurants that kept him out late.

Mike caught the bus home after we had finished cleaning up. He was going to talk to his dad when he got home that night and ask him if he would teach us how to become rich. Mike promised to call as soon as he had talked to his dad, even if it was late.

The phone rang at 8:30 p.m.

“Okay,” I said. “Next Saturday.” I put the phone down. Mike’s dad had agreed to meet with us.

On Saturday I caught the 7:30 a.m. bus to the poor side of town.

The Lessons Begin

Mike and I met with his dad that morning at eight o’clock. He was already busy, having been at work for more than an hour. His construction supervisor was just leaving in his pickup truck as I walked up to his simple, small, and tidy home. Mike met me at the door.

“Dad’s on the phone, and he said to wait on the back porch,” Mike said as he opened the door.

The old wooden floor creaked as I stepped across the threshold of the aging house. There was a cheap mat just inside the door. The mat was there to hide the years of wear from countless footsteps that the floor had supported. Although clean, it needed to be replaced.

I felt claustrophobic as I entered the narrow living room that was filled with old musty overstuffed furniture that today would be collectors’ items. Sitting on the couch were two women, both a little

“Let them go,” my dad’s friend said. “They might be developing a natural talent.”


“Let them go,” my dad’s friend said. “They might be developing a natural talent.”

My dad glared at him.

“Yes, it is illegal,” my dad said gently. “But you boys have shown great creativity and original thought. Keep going. I’m really proud of you!”

Disappointed, Mike and I sat in silence for about twenty minutes before we began cleaning up our mess. The business was over on opening day. Sweeping the powder up, I looked at Mike and said,

“I guess Jimmy and his friends are right. We are poor.”

My father was just leaving as I said that. “Boys,” he said. “You’re only poor if you give up. The most important thing is that you did something. Most people only talk and dream of getting rich. You’ve done something. I’m very proud of the two of you. I will say it again: Keep going. Don’t quit.”

Mike and I stood there in silence. They were nice words, but we still did not know what to do.

“So how come you’re not rich, Dad?” I asked.

“Because I chose to be a schoolteacher. Schoolteachers really don’t think about being rich. We just like to teach. I wish I could help you, but I really don’t know how to make money.”

Mike and I turned and continued our cleanup.

“I know,” said my dad. “If you boys want to learn how to be rich, don’t ask me. Talk to your dad, Mike.”

“My dad?” asked Mike with a scrunched-up face.

“Yeah, your dad,” repeated my dad with a smile. “Your dad and I have the same banker, and he raves about your father. He’s told me several times that your father is brilliant when it comes to making money.”

“My dad?” Mike asked again in disbelief. “Then how come we don’t have a nice car and a nice house like the rich kids at school?” “A nice car and a nice house don’t necessarily mean you’re rich or

you know how to make money,” my dad replied. “Jimmy’s dad works for

mom’s pot holders



mom’s pot holders, we poured the lead through a small hole in the top of the milk cartons.

The milk cartons were filled with plaster of paris. White powder was everywhere. In my haste, I had knocked the bag over, and the entire area looked like it had been hit by a snowstorm. The milk cartons were the outer containers for plaster of paris molds.

My dad and his friend watched as we carefully poured the molten lead through a small hole in the top of the plaster of paris cube.

“Careful,” my dad said.

I nodded without looking up.

Finally, once the pouring was through, I put the steel pot down and smiled at my dad.

“What are you boys doing?” he asked with a cautious smile. “We’re doing what you told me to do. We’re going to be rich,”

I said.

“Yup,” said Mike, grinning and nodding his head. “We’re partners.” “And what is in those plaster molds?” my dad asked.

“Watch,” I said. “This should be a good batch.”

With a small hammer, I tapped at the seal that divided the cube in half. Cautiously, I pulled up the top half of the plaster mold and a lead nickel fell out.

“Oh, no!” my dad exclaimed. “You’re casting nickels out of lead!” “That’s right,” Mike said. “We’re doing as you told us to do. We’re

making money.”

My dad’s friend turned and burst into laughter. My dad smiled and shook his head. Along with a fire and a box of spent toothpaste tubes, in front of him were two little boys covered with white dust smiling from ear to ear.

He asked us to put everything down and sit with him on the front step of our house. With a smile, he gently explained what the word “counterfeiting” meant.

Our dreams were dashed. “You mean this is illegal?” asked Mike in a quivering voice.

For the next several weeks




For the next several weeks, Mike and I ran around our neighborhood, knocking on doors and asking our neighbors if they would save their toothpaste tubes for us. With puzzled looks, most adults consented with a smile. Some asked us what we were doing, to which we replied, “We can’t tell you. It’s a business secret.”

My mom grew distressed as the weeks wore on. We had selected a site next to her washing machine as the place we would stockpile our raw materials. In a brown cardboard box that at one time held catsup bottles, our little pile of used toothpaste tubes began to grow.

Finally my mom put her foot down. The sight of her neighbors’ messy, crumpled, used toothpaste tubes had gotten to her. “What are you boys doing?” she asked. “And I don’t want to hear again that it’s a business secret. Do something with this mess, or I’m going to throw it out.”

Mike and I pleaded and begged, explaining that we would soon have enough and then we would begin production. We informed her that we were waiting on a couple of neighbors to finish their toothpaste so we could have their tubes. Mom granted us a one-week extension. The date to begin production was moved up, and the pressure was

on. My first partnership was already being threatened with an eviction notice by my own mom! It became Mike’s job to tell the neighbors to quickly use up their toothpaste, saying their dentist wanted them to brush more often anyway. I began to put together the production line.

One day my dad drove up with a friend to see two nine-year-old boys in the driveway with a production line operating at full speed. There was fine white powder everywhere. On a long table were small milk cartons from school, and our family’s hibachi grill was glowing with red-hot coals at maximum heat.

Dad walked up cautiously, having to park the car at the base of the driveway since the production line blocked the carport. As he and his friend got closer, they saw a steel pot sitting on top of the coals in which the toothpaste tubes were being melted down. In those days, toothpaste did not come in plastic tubes. The tubes were made of lead. So once the paint was burned off, the tubes were dropped in the small steel pot. They melted until they became liquid, and with my


A Partnership Is Formed



have gone to a different school with kids from families more like mine. After grade six, these kids and I would go on to the public intermediate and high school. There was no private school for them or for me.

My dad finally put down the paper. I could tell he was thinking. “Well, Son…,” he began slowly. “If you want to be rich, you have

to learn to make money.”

“How do I make money?” I asked.

“Well, use your head, Son,” he said, smiling. Even then I knew that really meant, “That’s all I’m going to tell you,” or “I don’t know the answer, so don’t embarrass me.”

A Partnership Is Formed

The next morning, I told my best friend, Mike, what my dad had said. As best as I could tell, Mike and I were the only poor kids in this school. Mike was also in this school by a twist of fate. Someone had drawn a jog in the line for the school district, and we wound up in school with the rich kids. We weren’t really poor, but we felt as if we were because all the other boys had new baseball gloves, new bicycles, new everything.

Mom and Dad provided us with the basics, like food, shelter, and clothes. But that was about it. My dad used to say, “If you want something, work for it.” We wanted things, but there was not much work available for nine-year-old boys.

“So what do we do to make money?” Mike asked.

“I don’t know,” I said. “But do you want to be my partner?” He agreed, and so on that Saturday morning, Mike became my

first business partner. We spent all morning coming up with ideas on how to make money. Occasionally we talked about all the “cool

guys” at Jimmy’s beach house having fun. It hurt a little, but that hurt was good, because it inspired us to keep thinking of a way to make money. Finally, that afternoon, a bolt of lightning struck. It was an idea Mike got from a science book he had read. Excitedly, we shook hands, and the partnership now had a business.

“Dad, can you tell me how to get rich?”


The poor and the middle class work for money. The rich have money work for them.


“Dad, can you tell me how to get rich?”

My dad put down the evening paper. “Why do you want to get rich, Son?”

“Because today Jimmy’s mom drove up in their new Cadillac, and they were going to their beach house for the weekend. He took three of his friends, but Mike and I weren’t invited. They told us we weren’t invited because we were poor kids.”

“They did?” my dad asked incredulously. “Yeah, they did,” I replied in a hurt tone.

My dad silently shook his head, pushed his glasses up the bridge of his nose, and went back to reading the paper. I stood waiting for an answer.

The year was 1956. I was nine years old. By some twist of fate, I attended the same public school where the rich people sent their kids. We were primarily a sugar-plantation town. The managers of

the plantation and the other affluent people, such as doctors, business owners, and bankers, sent their children to this elementary school. After grade six, their children were generally sent off to private schools. Because my family lived on one side of the street, I went

to this school. Had I lived on the other side of the street, I would

And that has made all the difference.



And that has made all the difference.

Over the years, I have often reflected upon Robert Frost’s poem. Choosing not to listen to my highly educated dad’s advice and attitude about money was a painful decision, but it was a decision that shaped the rest of my life.

Once I made up my mind about whom to listen to, my education about money began. My rich dad taught me over a period of 30 years until I was 39 years old. He stopped once he realized that I knew and fully understood what he had been trying to drum into my often-thick skull.

Money is one form of power. But what is more powerful is financial education. Money comes and goes, but if you have the education about how money works, you gain power over it and can begin building wealth. The reason positive thinking alone does not work is because most people went to school and never learned how money works, so they spend their lives working for money.

Because I was only nine years old when I started, the lessons my rich dad taught me were simple. And when it was all said and done, there were only six main lessons, repeated over 30 years. This book is about those six lessons, put as simply as possible, just as simply as my rich dad put forth those lessons to me. The lessons are meant not to be answers, but guideposts that will assist you and your children to grow wealthier no matter what happens in a world of increasing change and uncertainty.

A Lesson from Robert Frost


A Lesson from Robert Frost

Robert Frost is my favorite poet. Although I love many of his poems, my favorite is “The Road Not Taken.” I use its lesson almost daily.

The Road Not Taken

Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,

And sorry I could not travel both

And be one traveler, long I stood

And looked down one as far as I could

To where it bent in the undergrowth;

Then took the other, as just as fair,

And having perhaps the better claim,

Because it was grassy and wanted wear

Though as for that the passing there

Had worn them really about the same,

And both that morning equally lay

In leaves no step had trodden black.

Oh, I kept the first for another day!

Yet knowing how way leads onto way,

I doubted if I should ever come back.

I shall be telling this with a sigh

Somewhere ages and ages hence;

Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—

I took the one less traveled by,

And that has made all the difference.

Being a product of two strong dads allowed me the luxury of observing the effects different



Being a product of two strong dads allowed me the luxury of observing the effects different thoughts have on one’s life. I noticed that people really do shape their lives through their thoughts.

For example, my poor dad always said, “I’ll never be rich.” And that prophecy became reality. My rich dad, on the other hand, always referred to himself as rich. He would say things like, “I’m a rich man, and rich people don’t do this.” Even when he was flat broke after a major financial setback, he continued to refer to himself as a rich man. He would cover himself by saying, “There is a difference between being poor and being broke. Broke is temporary. Poor is eternal.”

My poor dad would say, “I’m not interested in money,” or “Money doesn’t matter.” My rich dad always said, “Money is power.”

The power of our thoughts may never be measured or appreciated, but it became obvious to me as a young boy that it was important

to be aware of my thoughts and how I expressed myself. I noticed that my poor dad was poor, not because of the

amount of money he earned, which was significant, but because of his thoughts and actions. As a young boy having two fathers, I became acutely aware of being

careful about which thoughts I chose to adopt as my own. Should I listen to my rich dad or to my poor dad?

Although both men had tremendous respect for education and learning, they disagreed about what they thought was important to learn. One wanted me to study hard, earn a degree, and get a good job to earn money. He wanted me to study to become a professional, an attorney or an accountant, and to go to business school for my MBA. The other encouraged me to study to be rich, to understand how money works, and to learn how to have it work for me. “I don’t work for money!” were words he would repeat over and over. “Money works for me!”

At the age of nine, I decided to listen to and learn from my rich dad about money. In doing so, I chose not to listen to my poor dad, even though he was the one with all the college degrees.

One dad recommended




One dad recommended, “Study hard so you can find a good company to work for.” The other recommended, “Study hard so you can find a good company to buy.”

One dad said, “The reason I’m not rich is because I have you kids.” The other said, “The reason I must be rich is because I have you kids.”

One encouraged talking about money and business at the dinner table, while the other forbade the subject of money to be discussed over a meal.

One said, “When it comes to money, play it safe. Don’t take risks.” The other said, “Learn to manage risk.”

One believed, “Our home is our largest investment and our greatest asset.” The other believed, “My house is a liability, and if your house is your largest investment, you’re in trouble.”

Both dads paid their bills on time, yet one paid his bills first while the other paid his bills last.

One dad believed in a company or the government taking care of you and your needs. He was always concerned about pay raises, retirement plans, medical benefits, sick leave, vacation days, and other perks. He was impressed with two of his uncles who joined the military and earned a retirement-and-entitlement package for life after twenty years of active service. He loved the idea of medical benefits and PX privileges the military provided its retirees. He also loved the tenure system available through the university. The idea

of job protection for life and job benefits seemed more important, at times, than the job. He would often say, “I’ve worked hard for the government, and I’m entitled to these benefits.”

The other believed in total financial self-reliance. He spoke out against the entitlement mentality and how it created weak and financially needy people. He was emphatic about being financially competent.

One dad struggled to save a few dollars. The other created investments. One dad taught me how to write an impressive resumé so I could find a good job. The other taught me how to write strong business and financial plans so I could create jobs

Today I often wonder what will soon happen

Today I often wonder what will soon happen when we have millions of people who need financial and medical assistance. They will be dependent upon their families or the government for financial support. What will happen when Medicare and Social Security run out of money? How will a nation survive if teaching children about money continues to be left to parents—most of whom will be, or already are, poor?

Because I had two influential fathers, I learned from both of them. I had to think about each dad’s advice, and in doing so, I gained valuable insight into the power and effect of one’s thoughts on one’s life. For example, one dad had a habit of saying, “I can’t afford it.” The other dad forbade those words to be used. He insisted I ask, “How can I afford it?” One is a statement, and the other is a question. One lets you off the hook, and the other forces you to think. My soon-to-be-rich dad would explain that by automatically saying the words “I can’t afford it,” your brain stops working. By asking the question “How can I afford it?” your brain is put to work. He did not mean that you should buy everything you want. He was fanatical about exercising your mind, the most powerful computer in the world. He’d say, “My brain gets stronger every day because I exercise it. The stronger it gets, the more money I can make.” He believed that automatically saying “I can’t afford it” was a sign of mental laziness.

Although both dads worked hard, I noticed that one dad had a habit of putting his brain to sleep when it came to finances, and the other had a habit of exercising his brain. The long-term result was that one dad grew stronger financially, and the other grew weaker. It is not much different from a person who goes to the gym to exercise on a regular basis versus someone who sits on the couch watching television. Proper physical exercise increases your chances for health, and proper mental exercise increases your chances for wealth.

My two dads had opposing attitudes and that affected the way they thought. One dad thought that the rich should pay more in taxes to take care of those less fortunate. The other said, “Taxes punish those who produce and reward those who don’t produce.”

was not yet poor


was not yet poor. Both were just starting out on their careers, and both were struggling with money and families. But they had very different points of view about money.

For example, one dad would say, “The love of money is the root of all evil.” The other said, “The lack of money is the root of all evil.”

As a young boy, having two strong fathers both influencing me was difficult. I wanted to be a good son and listen, but the two fathers did not say the same things. The contrast in their points of view, particularly about money, was so extreme that I grew curious and intrigued. I began to start thinking for long periods of time about what each was saying.

Much of my private time was spent reflecting, asking myself questions such as, “Why does he say that?” and then asking the same question of the other dad’s statement. It would have been much easier to simply say, “Yeah, he’s right. I agree with that.” Or to simply reject the point of view by saying, “The old man doesn’t know what he’s talking about.” Instead, having two dads whom I loved forced me to think and ultimately choose a way of thinking for myself. As a process, choosing for myself turned out to be much more valuable in the long run than simply accepting or rejecting a single point of view.

One of the reasons the rich get richer, the poor get poorer, and the middle class struggles in debt is that the subject of money is taught at home, not in school. Most of us learn about money from our parents. So what can poor parents tell their child about money? They simply say, “Stay in school and study hard.” The child may graduate with excellent grades, but with a poor person’s financial programming and mindset.

Sadly, money is not taught in schools. Schools focus on scholastic and professional skills, but not on financial skills. This explains how smart bankers, doctors, and accountants who earned excellent grades may struggle financially all of their lives. Our staggering national debt is due in large part to highly educated politicians and government officials making financial decisions with little or no training in the subject of money.

Acknowledgments


How does a person say “thank you” when there are so many people to thank? Obviously this book is a thank you to my two fathers, who were powerful role models, and to my mom, who taught me love and kindness.

The person most responsible for this book becoming a reality is my wife Kim—my partner in marriage, business, and in life. She makes my life complete.
 
RICH DAD POOR DAD


Having two dads offered me the choice of contrasting points of view:

one of a rich man and one of a poor man.


I had two fathers, a rich one and a poor one. One was highly educated and intelligent. He had a Ph.D. and completed four years of undergraduate work in less than two years. He then went on to Stanford University, the University of Chicago, and Northwestern University to do his advanced studies, all on full financial scholarships. The other father never finished the eighth grade.

Both men were successful in their careers, working hard all their lives. Both earned substantial incomes. Yet one always struggled financially. The other would become one of the richest men in Hawaii. One died leaving tens of millions of dollars to his family, charities, and his church. The other left bills to be paid.

Both men were strong, charismatic, and influential. Both men offered me advice, but they did not advise the same things. Both men believed strongly in education but did not recommend the same course of study.

If I had had only one dad, I would have had to accept or reject his advice. Having two dads offered me the choice of contrasting points of view: one of a rich man and one of a poor man.

Instead of simply accepting or rejecting one or the other, I found myself thinking more, comparing, and then choosing for myself. The problem was that the rich man was not rich yet, and the poor man

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